Construction workers are highly susceptible to heat-related illnesses, making it something that construction firms need to prioritize thorough preparation, effective training, and proper work procedures. Implementing strategies and guidelines specifically tailored to prevent heat illness will help construction firms create a safer working environment for their employees, even in the scorching heat.
Preparing and Organizing
One of the primary responsibilities of employers, as stated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), is to provide necessary precautions to prevent heat illness in employees. Construction firms should ensure an ample supply of water is available, and sufficient rest breaks should be provided in shaded areas to allow workers to recover and cool down.
Implementing a Work/Rest Schedule
The National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) has created a sample work/rest schedule that can be followed by personnel wearing regular attire. This schedule is based on the temperature and the intensity of the activity being performed. For instance, in high temperatures of around 95°F, a person engaged in hard activity should work for 45 minutes and then take a 15-minute break. Adjustments should be made considering factors like the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), direct sunlight, humidity, and other relevant considerations.
Acclimatization and Monitoring
Acclimatization is a serious process for both new and returning workers, allowing them to gradually adapt to working in hot conditions. Following the 20% Rule recommended by OSHA and NIOSH, the work shift can be lengthened by approximately 20% per day until the employee is adjusted to the regular schedule. This acclimatization period may extend beyond five days, and it is essential to closely monitor each worker’s performance and maintain open communication to ensure their well-being.
Developing a Comprehensive Heat Illness Prevention Strategy
Construction organizations should establish a detailed heat illness prevention strategy that addresses various aspects, including training and supervision, protective measures, monitoring and assessment, and emergency response procedures. Proper training on the dangers of heat-related illnesses should be provided to workers and managers alike, emphasizing preventive measures and safe work practices. Regular reminders and additional training methods, such as emails, online content, and banners, can help reinforce awareness of heat protection.
On-Site Flexibility
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides additional guidelines for construction businesses to manage heat stress effectively. Employers should explore ways to maximize efficiency and reduce manual labor by employing tools and equipment designed to minimize physical exertion. Cooling controls like fans and misting fans can be strategically utilized to create a more comfortable working environment. Providing personal cooling tools, such as helmet inserts and cooling bands, can also aid workers in managing heat.
Staying Hydrated
Maintaining proper hydration is a must for the well-being of construction workers on hot job sites. Employees should be encouraged to drink at least 8 ounces of cold water every 15 to 20 minutes. In extreme temperatures with increased sweating, electrolyte-infused beverages with minimal caffeine and sugar can be beneficial. Employers should ensure an ample supply of cool, drinkable water is readily available near the work area to promote hydration and prevent dehydration.
Recognizing and Responding to Heat-related Symptoms
It is quite necessary for all employees, not just supervisors, to receive training on recognizing the signs of heat stress. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include fatigue, impatience, thirst, nausea, dizziness, heavy perspiration, elevated body temperature, and a rapid heartbeat. Heat stroke, a severe heat-related condition, can manifest as disorientation, slurred speech, convulsions, unconsciousness, profuse sweating or hot, dry skin, elevated body temperature, and a rapid heartbeat. Other symptoms to watch out for include dark urine, heat rash, muscle weakness, and pain or cramping.
First Aid and Emergency Response
You need to take immediate action when heat-related symptoms are observed. The heat illness prevention plan of a construction company should include specific emergency response procedures. If a worker shows signs of heat exhaustion, they should be moved to a cooler location, preferably an air-conditioned trailer or a shaded area. Outer layers of clothing should be removed, and cold cloths or ice can be applied to the groin, armpits, neck, and trunk to cool the body. If possible, the affected person can be submerged in cold water or cooled with a fan. It is important to stay with the individual and provide appropriate first aid. In case of uncertainty or suspected heat stroke, contacting emergency services by dialing 911 is the right thing to do.
Heat illness prevention should be a top priority for construction firms, and implementing effective strategies and guidelines is necessary if you want to protect workers from heat-related risks. Taking proactive measures can ensure the safety and well-being of your employees, regardless of the hot temperature. This way you can foster a culture of care and prioritize the health of your workforce.